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A method for determining dipropofol in the plasma of Beagle dogs was established by HPLC-MS/MS. We also studied the pharmacokinetic characteristics of two different forms of crystal tablets of dipropofol in Beagle dogs. All animal experiments were approved by the Animal Experimental Management, Welfare and Ethics Committee of Pharmacology Evaluation Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry. The results indicate that the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of dipropofol was 69.02 ± 20.16 μg·L-1 after 20 mg·kg-1 crystal form Ⅰ tablet taken orally, and the AUC0-t was 160.49 ± 55.26 μg·L-1·h. After 20 mg·kg-1 crystal form Ⅱ tablet taken, the Cmax of dipropofol was 92.58 ± 60.26 μg·L-1, and the AUC0-t was 243.59 ± 148.36 μg·L-1·h. The AUC0-t and Cmax of crystal form Ⅱ were significantly different from that of crystal form Ⅰ (P<0.05). Crystal form Ⅱ was the dominant crystal form. The results suggest that we should control crystal form during the development of dipropofol oral tablets.
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Objective To investigate the expression levels of serum miR-210and miR-375in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods A total of 25NSCLC patients (NSCLC group) and 14healthy volunteers (control group) were enrolled in this study.The relative expression levels of 9miRNAs (miR-182, miR-126, miR-31, miR-21, miR-221, miR-200b, miR-183, miR-210and miR-375) in 6 NSCLC patients and 6healthy volunteers were measured by RT-qPCR.The dysregulated miRNAs will be selected as candidate miR-NAs.The diagnostic value were evaluated by ROC curve.Results Compared with control group, 2 (miR-210and miR-375) out of 9miRNAs were up-regulated in NSCLC group, and the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05), while the other 7miRNAs were not consistent with the reported literatures.Therefore, miR-210and miR-375were selected as candidate miRNAs.We found that the relative expression level of miR-210in the lung adenocarcinoma group was significantly different from control group (P＜0.05), while there was no significant difference between the squamous cell carcinoma group and the control group (P＞0.05).There was no significantly statistical difference in the relative expression level of miR-375between lung squamous cell carcinoma group, lung adenocarcinoma group and the control group (P＞0.05).The AUC of serum miR-210of lung adenocarcinoma group was 0.737 5 (95％CI:0.498 3-0.976 7, P=0.091 4) with a medium diagnostic value.Conclusion MiR-210is highly expressed in the serum of patients with lung adenocarcinoma, suggesting that miR-210may be a novel tumor marker for the diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma.The value of miR-375in the diagnosis of lung cancer still needs to be further explored.
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Objective To investigate the protective effect of sodium butyrate on the neonatal mouse model of necrotizing enterocolitis and analyze its possible mechanism.Methods Sixty c57BL/6 neonatal mice were randomly divided into two groups (n=30):PBS group and butyric acid group.At the third day after birth,mice in both groups were respectively given PBS and sodium butyrate solution by gavage once a day for 7 days,and neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) model was established by hypoxia,cold stimulation and artificial feeding.The newborn mice were sacrificed overnight after modeling.HE staining and double-blind pathological score were performed to observe the pathological changes of ileocecal intestinal tissue.The mRNA expressions of IL-6,IL-10,TGF-β1 and TNF-a were tested by quantitative real-time PCR.The levels of IL-10 and TGF-β1 in intestine tissues were evaluated using ELISA.Flow cytometry was used to analyze the ratio of regulatory T cells (Treg) on CD4+ T cells in both groups.Results When mice were sacrificed overnight after NEC modeling,the body weight was significantly higher in butyric acid group (4.50 ± 0.42g) than in PBS group (4.16 ± 0.60g,P＜0.05);No significant difference (P＞0.05) existed in survival rate of butyric acid group (76.34％) and PBS group (67.95％).The pathological damage score of intestinal tissue showed that the median score of intestinal injury was significantly lower in butyric acid group [1.33(1.33-1.67)] than in PBS group [2.00(1.67-2.25),P＜0.05].qPCR demonstrated that the expressions of IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA were obviously lower in butyric acid group than in PBS group (0.85 ± 0.30 vs.1.77 ± 0.49 and 0.41 ± 0.25 vs.0.96 ± 0.56,respectively,P＜0.05);and the expressions of IL-10 and TGF-β1 mRNA were markedly higher in butyric acid group than in PBS group (1.91 ± 0.82 vs.0.94 ± 0.43 and 1.46 ± 0.57 vs.0.88 ± 0.29,respectively,P＜0.05);Intestinal tissue ELISA results showed that the expressions of IL-10 and TGF-β1 were higher in butyric acid group than in PBS group (68.60 ± 15.06 vs.37.25 ± 5.81 and 424.93 ± 19.34 vs.127.31 ± 60.83,respectively,P＜0.05);Flow cytometry revealed that the proportion of regulatory T cells (Treg) of CD4+ T cells was higher in butyric acid group than in PBS group (12.68％ ± 6.79％ vs.3.57％ ± 0.88％,P＜0.05).Conclusions Butyric acid plays a protective effect in the intestinal injury of neonatal mouse model of necrotizing enterocolitis.The possible mechanism is that butyrate can down-regulate the expressions of cytokines IL-6 and TNF-o,up-regulate the expressions of cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β1,and promote the differentiation of T cells into Treg cells.
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Histone deacetylase (HDAC) is a kind of protease,which plays an important role in the structural modification of chromosomes and the regulation of gene expression.Its excessive expression in cancer cells causes acetylation imbalance,which is closely related to the occurrence of tumor.The high efficiency and low toxicity of histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) has been widely recognized as anti-tumor drug with the deepening of the study in epigenetics.It is expected to bring more breakthroughs in the treatment of tumor.
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Objective To determine the impact of dental nurses′knowledge sharing behavior and self-efficiency on professional identity. Methods A total of 88 dental nurses in Xiangyang were tested by Professional Identity Inventory for Nurse,Knowledge Sharing Behavior Scale and General Self-efficacy Scale. Results The mean score of professional identity was (5.60 ± 0.56) points, the mean score of knowledge sharing behavior was (2.59 ± 0.77) points, the mean score of general self-efficacy was (2.66 ± 0.46) points. Knowledge sharing behavior and self-efficiency were positively correlated with professional identity(r=0.626, 0.342, P<0.01). Regression analysis showed that the organizational communications, communities of practice, written contributions and general self-efficacy could explain 54.3% of the variance for dental nurses′professional identity. Conclusions Nursing managers should focus on the shortcomings of dental nurses′ knowledge sharing behavior and general self-efficacy, and promote interventions to enhance dental nurses′knowledge sharing behavior and general self-efficacy and improve the level of professional identity.
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Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis ( NEC) is a severe gastrointestinal disease with high mortality. Stud-ies have suggested that NEC are associated with prematurity and very?low birth weight, but the exact etiology and pathogen?esis has not been elucidated. Therefore, it is important to build an ideal NEC model to explore the pathogenesis and pre?vention measures of NEC to reduce the incidence and severity of NEC.
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Objective To investigate the relationship between eating habits and childhood obesity by the method of cross-sectional survey in order to provide scientific basis for the prevention and intervention of childhood obesity.Methods We enrolled first-year students in Minhang District of Shanghai who participated in physical examination in 2014.Information was obtained from standardized face to face interviews of their parents or guardians with detailed questions on demographic characteristics,dietary habit,food preference,physical activity,sleep time and so on.Odds ratio (OR) and 95％ CI were calculated by unconditional Logistic regression models.Results Finally,5 752 students were enrolled in the study.The rate of obesity was 15.16％ (boys:18.35％;girls:11.83％) and the rate of over weight was 14.31％ (boys.:15.15％;girls:13.43％).Meat-based diet (OR=1.58,95％ CI:1.32-1.91),skipping breakfast (OR =1.87,95％ CI:1.01-3.46),eating too much caffeine-containing food (OR =1.66,95％ CI:1.09-2.51) and eating fast (OR:3.32-14.95) were associated with an increased risk of childhood obesity.Plant-based diet (OR =0.51,95％ CI:0.35-0.74) and choosy in food (OR:0.38-0.64) were associated with a decreased risk of childhood obesity.Besides,we found that children who preferred meat (OR =2.11,95％CI:1.42-3.14) and cured food (OR =1.42,95％ CI:1.05-1.92) had a higher risk of obesity.Conclusions Our results support the association between eating habits and childhood obesity.
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Objective To analyze the epidemic features of anemia among students aged 6-11 years old in Minghang District,to provide basis for the control and prevention strategies of anemia among school students.Methods Surveillance on hemoglobin concentration was conducted among 42 872 students aged from 6 to 11 years old between 2012 and 2015.All data analyses were completed by SPSS 18.0 statistical software.Results The prevalence rate of anemia among school students 6-11 years old was 5.05％ (95％CI:4.84-5.26).The prevalence rate of anemia among girls was 5.28％,which was significantly higher than that 4.84％ among boys (x2 =4.24,P =0.037).Six-year-old boys and girls were most susceptible to anemia.Compared to students in Hope Schools,public school students are more vulnerable to anemia (boys:OR =2.37,95 ％ CI:2.03-2.76;girls:OR =2.08,95 ％ CI:1.74 -2.49).Overweight and obese students had a lower risk of anemia than average students (boys:OR =0.65,95 ％ CI:0.55-0.76;girls:OR =0.75,95 ％ CI:0.61-0.92).The three-year cumulative incidence of anemia was 12.80％ (95 ％CI:12.49-13.12).The cumulative incidence among girls was 14.52％,which was significantly higher than that of 11.28％ among boys (x2 =100.26,P＜0.001).Six-year-old boys have the highest three-year cumulative risk among all students,while 10-11-year-old girls have the highest three-year cumulative incidence.The risk of anemia in Hope School was found highest in all schools (boys:RR =1.93,95％CI:1.72-2.16;girls:RR =1.20,95 ％CI:1.04-1.39).Overweight and obesity were considered protective factors to anemia (boys:RR =0.75,95％CI:0.67-0.84;girls:RR =0.77,95％CI:0.68-0.88).The primary and recurrent detection rates of anemia were 14.58％ and 2.54％.The anemia among students was mainly detected during the first examination despite the differences in ages,schools and nutrition conditions (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The prevalence of anemia among primary school students in Minhang District is at a mild level.Control measures should be adopted,including monitoring of hemoglobin in all school children and adolescents,taking individual intervention measures based on results,promoting the health education for adolescent girls and parents of school children,and paying special attention to Hope School and students with recurrent and continuous anemia.
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Objective To analyze malnutrition epidemiologic trend among students aged 6-18 years from 2010 to 2016 in Minhang district of Shanghai,and to provide reference for malnutrition prevention and treatment.Methods Physical examination data from healthy monitoring schools in Minhang District from 2010 to 2016 were used to screened out the malnutrition of students aged 6-18 years via National standard 2014 and analyzed the different type of malnutrition in different population.Results During the period of 2010 to 2016,malnutrition rate of students demonstrated a fluctuated trend.Malnutrition rate in 2010 was 4.0％ and 4.4％ in 2016.The major type of malnutrition is wasting with a proportion more than 88％ during these years.Rate of wasting increased from 3.5％ to 7.8％ in boys aged 13-18 years old and from 1.3％ to 3.9％ in girls aged 13-18 years old.Conclusions The malnutrition of students in Minhang District is under control,while the screening rate of wasting increased in students aged 13-18 years old.Intensified intervention of prevention and treatment should be administrated and integrated with obesity control in Minhang District of Shanghai.
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Objective To investigate the relationship between eating habits and childhood obesity by the method of cross-sectional survey in order to provide scientific basis for the prevention and intervention of childhood obesity.Methods We enrolled first-year students in Minhang District of Shanghai who participated in physical examination in 2014.Information was obtained from standardized face to face interviews of their parents or guardians with detailed questions on demographic characteristics,dietary habit,food preference,physical activity,sleep time and so on.Odds ratio (OR) and 95％ CI were calculated by unconditional Logistic regression models.Results Finally,5 752 students were enrolled in the study.The rate of obesity was 15.16％ (boys:18.35％;girls:11.83％) and the rate of over weight was 14.31％ (boys.:15.15％;girls:13.43％).Meat-based diet (OR=1.58,95％ CI:1.32-1.91),skipping breakfast (OR =1.87,95％ CI:1.01-3.46),eating too much caffeine-containing food (OR =1.66,95％ CI:1.09-2.51) and eating fast (OR:3.32-14.95) were associated with an increased risk of childhood obesity.Plant-based diet (OR =0.51,95％ CI:0.35-0.74) and choosy in food (OR:0.38-0.64) were associated with a decreased risk of childhood obesity.Besides,we found that children who preferred meat (OR =2.11,95％CI:1.42-3.14) and cured food (OR =1.42,95％ CI:1.05-1.92) had a higher risk of obesity.Conclusions Our results support the association between eating habits and childhood obesity.
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Objective To analyze the epidemic features of anemia among students aged 6-11 years old in Minghang District,to provide basis for the control and prevention strategies of anemia among school students.Methods Surveillance on hemoglobin concentration was conducted among 42 872 students aged from 6 to 11 years old between 2012 and 2015.All data analyses were completed by SPSS 18.0 statistical software.Results The prevalence rate of anemia among school students 6-11 years old was 5.05％ (95％CI:4.84-5.26).The prevalence rate of anemia among girls was 5.28％,which was significantly higher than that 4.84％ among boys (x2 =4.24,P =0.037).Six-year-old boys and girls were most susceptible to anemia.Compared to students in Hope Schools,public school students are more vulnerable to anemia (boys:OR =2.37,95 ％ CI:2.03-2.76;girls:OR =2.08,95 ％ CI:1.74 -2.49).Overweight and obese students had a lower risk of anemia than average students (boys:OR =0.65,95 ％ CI:0.55-0.76;girls:OR =0.75,95 ％ CI:0.61-0.92).The three-year cumulative incidence of anemia was 12.80％ (95 ％CI:12.49-13.12).The cumulative incidence among girls was 14.52％,which was significantly higher than that of 11.28％ among boys (x2 =100.26,P＜0.001).Six-year-old boys have the highest three-year cumulative risk among all students,while 10-11-year-old girls have the highest three-year cumulative incidence.The risk of anemia in Hope School was found highest in all schools (boys:RR =1.93,95％CI:1.72-2.16;girls:RR =1.20,95 ％CI:1.04-1.39).Overweight and obesity were considered protective factors to anemia (boys:RR =0.75,95％CI:0.67-0.84;girls:RR =0.77,95％CI:0.68-0.88).The primary and recurrent detection rates of anemia were 14.58％ and 2.54％.The anemia among students was mainly detected during the first examination despite the differences in ages,schools and nutrition conditions (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The prevalence of anemia among primary school students in Minhang District is at a mild level.Control measures should be adopted,including monitoring of hemoglobin in all school children and adolescents,taking individual intervention measures based on results,promoting the health education for adolescent girls and parents of school children,and paying special attention to Hope School and students with recurrent and continuous anemia.
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Objective To analyze malnutrition epidemiologic trend among students aged 6-18 years from 2010 to 2016 in Minhang district of Shanghai,and to provide reference for malnutrition prevention and treatment.Methods Physical examination data from healthy monitoring schools in Minhang District from 2010 to 2016 were used to screened out the malnutrition of students aged 6-18 years via National standard 2014 and analyzed the different type of malnutrition in different population.Results During the period of 2010 to 2016,malnutrition rate of students demonstrated a fluctuated trend.Malnutrition rate in 2010 was 4.0％ and 4.4％ in 2016.The major type of malnutrition is wasting with a proportion more than 88％ during these years.Rate of wasting increased from 3.5％ to 7.8％ in boys aged 13-18 years old and from 1.3％ to 3.9％ in girls aged 13-18 years old.Conclusions The malnutrition of students in Minhang District is under control,while the screening rate of wasting increased in students aged 13-18 years old.Intensified intervention of prevention and treatment should be administrated and integrated with obesity control in Minhang District of Shanghai.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the risk factors associated with persistent thrombocytopenia after liver transplantation (LT), and to explore effective measures for prevention.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and twenty-eight adult patients, who received liver transplantation in our hospital between January 2009 and June 2012 and met the inclusive criteria, were enrolled in the study. The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed, including pre-LT spleen volume, main portal vein size, coronary vein size, platelet and white blood cell levels, total bilirubin level and model of end stage liver disease score. The risk factors associated with persistent thrombocytopenia after LT were evaluated by logistic regression analysis. The effect of simultaneous splenic artery coarctation for high risk patients was evaluated with χ2 test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Logistic regression analysis showed that per-LT spleen volume larger than 500 ml (P = 0.012, OR=2.789, 95%CI: 1.249-6.227) and portal vein size beyond 15 mm (P = 0.017, OR = 3.124, 95%CI: 1.230-7.933) were independent risk factors for persistent thrombocytopenia after LT. The incidence rate of persistent thrombocytopenia after LT in patients with or without simultaneous splenic artery coarctation were 16.7% (1/6) and 66.7% (32/48), respectively(P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Spleen volume larger than 500 ml and portal vein size beyond 15 mm are risk factors for persistent thrombocytopenia after LT. Simultaneous splenic artery coarctation may reduce the occurrence of persistent thrombocytopenia after LT.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Liver Transplantation , Organ Size , Portal Vein , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Spleen , Thrombocytopenia , EpidemiologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:Influenza virus reverse genetics has reached a level of sophistication where one can confidently generate virus entirely form cloned cDNA. This system makes it possible to generate attenuated live virus vaccine candidate. We tried to generate human influenza A viruses encoding altered viral NS1 proteins in various available cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Eight (HA, NA, NP, M, NS, PBI, PB2, PA) viral and four (PB1, PB2, PA, NP) expression plasmids were generated from A/T exas/ 36/91 influenza virus by RT-PCR and cloning with POL-I and pGEM-T vector. Two NS1 mutant cDNA (NS1-126delta, NS1-99delta) were also generated. We transfected these plasmids into the 293T/MDCK, 293, CEF and Vero cells and incubated with culture media for 2-3 days. And then, we inoculated cell soups into the embryonated eggs. After 3-4 days of incubation, we harvested allantoic fluid and checked viral titer by HA assay. Finally we did RT-PCR and sequencing to confirm the virus. RESULTS:Finally we got the NS1 mutant A/Texas influenza viruses from 293T/MDCK cells, but not from FDA approved cells. However, whereas 293 cells are capable of being transfected and of growing the NS1 mutant viruses with low titer, CEF cells are only capable of growing this mutant viruses. CONCLUSION:293 and CEF cells could not be used alone for acquiring NS1 mutant A/Texas influenza viruses. However, 293/CEF co-culture seems to be a resonable next step for NS1 mutant virus rescue for human using.
Subject(s)
Humans , Cell Line , Clone Cells , Cloning, Organism , Coculture Techniques , Culture Media , DNA, Complementary , Eggs , Influenza, Human , Orthomyxoviridae , Ovum , Plasmids , Reverse Genetics , Vero CellsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:Influenza virus reverse genetics has reached a level of sophistication where one can confidently generate virus entirely form cloned cDNA. This system makes it possible to generate attenuated live virus vaccine candidate. We tried to generate human influenza A viruses encoding altered viral NS1 proteins in various available cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Eight (HA, NA, NP, M, NS, PBI, PB2, PA) viral and four (PB1, PB2, PA, NP) expression plasmids were generated from A/T exas/ 36/91 influenza virus by RT-PCR and cloning with POL-I and pGEM-T vector. Two NS1 mutant cDNA (NS1-126delta, NS1-99delta) were also generated. We transfected these plasmids into the 293T/MDCK, 293, CEF and Vero cells and incubated with culture media for 2-3 days. And then, we inoculated cell soups into the embryonated eggs. After 3-4 days of incubation, we harvested allantoic fluid and checked viral titer by HA assay. Finally we did RT-PCR and sequencing to confirm the virus. RESULTS:Finally we got the NS1 mutant A/Texas influenza viruses from 293T/MDCK cells, but not from FDA approved cells. However, whereas 293 cells are capable of being transfected and of growing the NS1 mutant viruses with low titer, CEF cells are only capable of growing this mutant viruses. CONCLUSION:293 and CEF cells could not be used alone for acquiring NS1 mutant A/Texas influenza viruses. However, 293/CEF co-culture seems to be a resonable next step for NS1 mutant virus rescue for human using.